INTRODUCTION

Node.js, Python, and Java are all great languages for the development of server-side applications and websites. Using Node.js, you can create JavaScript code that is interpreted at runtime by a JavaScript engine. It is one of the most popular and well-known web development frameworks for building fast and scalable network applications. On the other hand, Python is a general-purpose programming language that is also used for web development. It is considered a high-level programming language, easy to use and install. On the other hand, Java is a general-purpose, high-level programming language that can be used to write Android apps, enterprise apps, and more. It is used to build millions of apps on the web.

Popular backend languages encompass Python, Java, and Node.js. All three have a significant market presence, with millions of developers and billions of dollars in project development.

Top Companies Using Node.js/Java/Python

• Uber
• Netflix
• Twitter
• PayPal
• Medium
• LinkedIn
• BBC
• GoDaddy
• NASA
• eBay
• Groupon
• Walmart
• Yahoo
• Amazon Web Services
• Microsoft
• AirBnB
• Google
• Instagram
• Reddit

How can a developer select which backend programming language is better for their project when they sit down to do so?

As clear forerunners in the sector, Node.js, Python, and Java are fighting for dominance. Comparative information about NodeJS vs. Python, NodeJS vs. Java, and Python vs. Java thrives on the internet. For example, if you were deciding on a backend, what would you keep in mind? 

Which, among Java, Python, and NodeJS, is suitable for the backend of your  project? 

But looking at it logically we cannot choose the best language or which one will come out on the top. 

Introductions to Java, Node.js, and Python in a Nutshell

What Exactly Is Java?

Java is a high-level, object-oriented scripting language. It's been in service since 1995 and has remained a preferred development choice for the majority of that time. Moreover, it has always veered off course with the industry and resolved its imperfections over time by integrating extensive innovation and feedback.

What Is Python and How Does It Work?

Python is a high-level scripting language that has been around for thirty years and is interpreted. It has managed to remain the only language to consistently rank among the top ten backend technology stacks over time. Google, CERN, NASA, Facebook, Amazon, Instagram, Spotify, ITA, and Yahoo are among the companies that use it.

What Is Node.js and How Does It Work?

Node.JS is a relative newbie in comparison to Python and Java. Even though it was first released in 2009, it continues to be regarded as one of the best individual backend runtime environments. It currently powers companies such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Facebook, Netflix, Rakuten, PayPal, Walmart, and many others.

Comparative Analysis of Node.js, Python, and Java

Consider three of the greatest backend technology stacks available to today's developers. Compare them against these criteria to get the best resource for your project.

1.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about Speed

Modern Java is almost usually faster and more optimized than the other two. It may be significantly quicker than Python or PHP. The causes are as follows:

A powerful native code compiler Memory sharing based on threads Compilation on-the-fly Java Virtual Machine that has been extensively developed Language that has been statistically typed Precompilation of byte code Of course, how you utilize Java plays a big role in reaching this potential. There are times when Java performs poorly in terms of speed. In this scenario, however, it is incompatible business instances, legacy code, and developers who are to blame.

Node.js is a fantastic solution to Java in situations where the latter isn't quick enough.

Furthermore, when comparing Node.js to Python, the former outperforms the latter in terms of speed. One of the quickest server-side solutions is Node.js. The V8 engine transforms JavaScript code into computer language and streamlines the solution to speed up loading. In addition, it has an event-driven architecture. As a result of the asynchronous calls, faster parallel request processing is possible due to memory limitations.

Because of this, although being single-threaded, Node.js surpasses Python.

2.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about Performance.

A few of these backend technologies may be better suited to real-time solutions and quest programs, while another may be better suited to large-scale projects. As a result, it's critical to know exactly what you want to accomplish before deciding on the appropriate server-side technology stack for the job.

Multi-threading is built into Java. The V8 is available in Node.js. And Python's performance isn't its strongest suit.

However, if you are developing a system that does not require extreme speed, Python is a viable option. Any backend language you choose, as long as your clients and end-users can operate on the product without suffering substantial slowness, is okay.

3.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about Scalability.

When considering scalability, ask yourself this question: Is there a way to get around the language's performance constraints by using more resources?

The solution will be different languages and your growth needs.

Microservices, event-driven architecture and non-blocking I/O make Node.js very scalable. Microservices and modules can be created with it. When the system grows larger, these components and modules use dynamic process runs to maintain performance and speed.

Java offers a wide range of scalability options.

For memory management, Java has an automated garbage collector. It relieves programmers of the burden of manual dynamic memory and aids in the prevention of memory leaks. This module, when combined with an optimized environment, makes Java a powerful platform.

This module, when combined with an optimized ecosystem, gives Java a viable option for scalable web development. However, the Java environment offers some features that make large-scale scaling difficult. These are some of them: Multi-threading Scaling vertically Memory states that are shared Components that are all the same the construction is multi-layered. 

To attain successful adaptability in a Java system, you might think outside the box or hire Java experts with the proper experience and talent. So it's not completely hopeless. Scaling with Java, on the other hand, necessitates comprehension of various components, their functions, and their utility. 

When scaling a system, Python code is difficult to maintain. As it's a dynamically typed scripting language, it's often weaker than a computer language. Python code is just plain text that is parsed and interpreted at runtime. Python code is hard to maintain when scaling the system. It is a dynamically-typed scripting language, and hence, it typically performs slower than a programming language would. A Python code is plain text that’s interpreted at run-time. 

The amount of text increases as the code grows. The system can get too complex over time, and monitoring markers can be lost.

4.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about Scalability.

The structure, expressions, and concepts of a computer language influence its simplicity. The easier it is to write a language, the easier it is to learn. When deciding between Node.js, Python, and Java, a developer who isn't completely fluent in the original language prioritizes simplicity.

Java: Java has a syntax that is quite similar to C/C++, except that it was designed entirely on object-oriented programming principles. It is easier, lighter, and more compact, and anyone with a rudimentary understanding of OOP concepts will find it quite straightforward to grasp.

Despite this, Java language is neither the simplest nor the most difficult language to master. You don't have to be familiar with dynamic memory or garbage collection. The syntax is simple to grasp. While it is simple to grasp, it can be difficult to learn well.

Python: on the other hand, is a programming language that is very easy to understand. Significantly streamlined structuring, English language terms, and minimum syntactic exceptions are all included. As a result, the learning curve is much shorter. Python's syntax allows programmers to avoid writing extra code while also promoting better expression and organization. Overall, it makes code maintenance and upgrades much easier. It is simpler to comprehend and more adaptable to use.

Node.js: In terms of syntax, Node.js is simple. Because of the effortlessness of JavaScript, Node.js has a short learning curve, but it can be steep at times.

It can be difficult to comprehend its run-time surroundings. Asynchronous programming necessitates a thorough understanding of a sync hooks, motifs, behavior, and syntax. In addition, the run-time ecosystem is divided into numerous ideas that must be followed to successfully develop a Node.js backend.

5.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about their Communities.

In their niche marketplaces, all three languages have made a name for themselves. Java and Python are both well over two decades old. As a result, they naturally benefit from diversified, geographically spread groups with prominent users and a high volume of contributions. Node.js is a more recent technology. Regardless, it has a large following.

6.Java vs. Node.js vs. Python when we talk about their Libraries.

The Python programming language comes with a plethora of libraries, which are a standard set of functionally complex modules with a lot of potential. Every upgrade to the Standard Library comes with detailed instructions on how to get the most out of this backend technology stack. This comprehensive library provides a large range of services and various standardizing solutions, making coding simple.

Java, despite being a 26-year-old language, has a large number of open-source libraries. They cover practically all of Java's major programming topics. For a single assignment, you can also discover many resources.

When using Node.js, you'll come across NPM (Node.js Package Manager.) It's an available internet repository that stores Node.js packages to help with JavaScript development. With over 11 million developers that use the NPM and over 1 million modules to choose from, the NPM wins the Node.js vs. Java vs. Python contest.

Java:

Java is always free. That was altered in April of this year, as Oracle JDK 8 implemented commercial use restrictions. Oracle has produced several updates to its JDK delivery and support mechanisms. You can keep using Oracle JDK 8 with no additional updates. 

7.Java Vs. Node.js Vs. Python when we talk about Cross-Functionality.

The mascot of 'Code Once, Run Everywhere' is JAVA. Because of its flexibility, it's an excellent choice for designing mobile, online, data, and network infrastructure for a wide range of purposes.

Python's interpreted nature allows it to run a single programme on numerous machines. It is not essential to recompile or modify the code. Python is a fantastic, time-saving tool for developing cross-functional online solutions since it supports a wide number of platforms, software platforms, and tools.

The majority of developers choose a backend platform for their web and mobile app development projects based on their training or familiarity with it. While this is handy, it is frequently not the best method for organizations to get the intended goals. The scripting language, environment, and full tech stack must all be chosen based on the project's requirements. Furthermore, selecting the appropriate backend technology for the project's use-case is critical. It determines the project's performance, resource consumption, deployment simplicity, scalability, and, in some cases, even its success.

Finally, the best backend technology stack is one that works well with your project. Lucent Innovation tries to keep itself updated with the latest and advanced technology trends incorporating them into our work culture to achieve better business results.

Lucent Innovation is a full-service software design and development company and an expert e-commerce solution provider. We create custom applications for our clients leading to an improvement in the efficiency, increased growth and profitability of the business. We also build e-commerce websites that are ready to sell, scale and grow. We at Lucent Innovation have the talent that create robust front end applications with the latest trends.

Contact us for your next project!

info@lucentinnovation.com

Also read: JavaScript Libraries vs Frameworks